On March 10, Major League Baseball reached a deal with the players union on a new collective bargaining agreement to end the 99-day lockout that had forced the sport to standstill for much of the offseason.
With the MLBPA seeking sweeping changes on everything from the luxury tax threshold and minimum salaries to anti-tanking measures and curbing service time manipulation, the two sides had to settle a chasm's worth of disagreements before settling on a new CBA.
Commissioner Rob Manfred originally announced that the first two series of the 2022 season would be cancelled, but the league and union managed to strike a deal quickly enough to make those games up. With no games missed, this work stoppage was far from the most catastrophic labor fight MLB has endured. Here’s a brief history of lockouts and strikes in baseball.
2021-22 lockout
Dates: Dec. 2, 2021 – March 20, 2022
Games Missed: 0
Schedule Effects: Opening Day delayed by one week, games made up
Issues of contention: Free agency, luxury tax, salary arbitration, competitive integrity, minimum salary, service-time manipulation
Commissioner: Rob Manfred
Twenty-six years of labor peace was interrupted this offseason, when the owners locked out the players as tenuous negotiations got the two sides nowhere. There was no single biggest issue of contention, a testament to just how far apart MLB and the union were when negotiations began. In the end, Opening Day was only delayed by one week before a deal was reached.
1994-95 strike
Dates: Aug. 12, 1994 – March 21, 1995
Games Missed: 948
Schedule Effects: 1994 playoffs cancelled, 1995 shortened by 18 games
Issues of contention: Salary cap
Commissioner: Bud Selig
The most catastrophic work stoppage in MLB history, the 1994-95 strike was a result of the owners' attempting to install a salary cap. MLBPA went on strike midway through the 1994 season. The World Series was cancelled for the first time in 90 years and the following campaign was affected as well. The union finally decided to end the strike in March 1995, but it would be two years before a new CBA was finally reached.
1990 lockout
Dates: Feb. 15 – March 18, 1990
Games Missed: 0
Schedule Effects: Opening Day delayed a week, season extended 3 days
Issues of contention: Salary arbitration, free agency, minimum salary
Commissioner: Fay Vincent
MLBPA is famous for its refusal to accept a salary cap, a stance maintained through present day. In February 1990, the owners locked out the players and made their first attempt to put a salary cap on the negotiating table, but it was rebuffed. Perhaps most notably, this work stoppage resulted in the increase of the league’s minimum salary to six figures — $100,000 — for the first time.
1985 strike
Dates: Aug. 6-7, 1985
Games Missed: 2
Schedule Effects: 23 of 25 games missed were rescheduled
Issues of contention: Player pensions, salary arbitration, minimum salary
Commissioner: Peter Ueberroth
A very brief strike, this work stoppage was a result of player pushing for a bigger piece of league revenue after MLB negotiated a lucrative TV deal in 1983. It worked, as the union scored a significant increase in the league’s pension contributions and managed to have the minimum salary raised from $40,000 to $60,000.
1981 strike
Dates: June 12 – July 31, 1981
Games Cancelled: 713
Schedule Effects: Split-season playoff standings
Issues of contention: Free agency, compensation for players lost
Commissioner: Bowie Kuhn
The 1981 strike was at the time the sport’s most damaging work stoppage yet, taking a chunk of nearly two months out of the season. MLB’s owners wanted hefty compensation for losing players to free agency and the players were looking to become free agents sooner than they already were. After meeting in the middle, they resumed the season and decided on a unique playoff structure where the top teams of the first “half” faced off against the best teams from the stretch run in the first round.
1980 strike
Dates: April 1-8, 1980
Games Cancelled: 0
Schedule Effects: Final 8 days of spring training cancelled
Issues of contention: Free agency, compensation for players lost
Commissioner: Bowie Kuhn
A precursor to the 1981 strike, the 1980 work stoppage lasted just eight days until MLB and the union decided to table negotiations over free-agent eligibility and the compensation teams received for losing players until the following year.
1976 lockout
Dates: March 1-17, 1976
Games Cancelled: 0
Schedule Effects: Delayed start of spring training
Issues of Contention: Reserve clause
Commissioner: Bowie Kuhn
The reserve clause, first challenged by Curt Flood in a fight that went all the way to the Supreme Court, finally met its match in 1976. Following an arbiter’s decision to nullify the rule that bound players to one team unless they were traded or released, the owners locked out the players in protest. The two sides decided to begin the season without a CBA in place but eventually agreed on a new contract that included the first framework for MLB free agency.
1973 lockout
Dates: Feb. 8-25, 1973
Games Cancelled: 0
Schedule Effects: Delayed start of spring training
Issues of Contention: Salary arbitration
Commissioner: Bowie Kuhn
One year after baseball’s first strike, the owners initiated their first lockout. After arbitration was added to the previous CBA in ’72, the deal expired and the owners sought to have the process more clearly defined in the new contract. After a few weeks of haggling, they reached an agreement on the verbiage and the season started on time.
1972 strike
Dates: April 1-13, 1972
Games Cancelled: 86
Schedule Effects: Games were not made up
Issues of Contention: Player pensions, salary arbitration
Commissioner: Bowie Kuhn
The first work stoppage in MLB history came in the form of a strike, when the players refused to suit up for the first week and a half of the 1972 season over their pension plans and the addition of salary arbitration to the CBA. MLB’s owners ultimately relented on both fronts. The strike did cause some controversy: the Red Sox missed the playoffs by half a game, only made possible because of the games missed.