Updated on 4/23/2019.
The goal of this is to predict NFL success as accurately as possible solely using analytics. Specifically, I’m predicting Pro Football Reference’s Approximate Value Per Game (AV/G) statistic using models that have college production, athletic testing, and consensus big board data.
After analyzing AV/G, I found that the statistic isn’t representative of positional spending and consensus positional value, so I’ve made slight adjustments in an attempt to have my top 300 big board reflect positional value, something that seems to be underrated during the draft. Adjusting for positional value will certainly make some people #MadOnline because the quarterbacks will be ranked higher than you are used to and the running backs and safeties will be ranked lower than you are used to. If you have a problem with that, ignore the overall ranking and focus on where they are ranked within their position.
Another thing that needs to be made abundantly clear is that these rankings include each prospect’s projected draft pick. There is a huge difference between ranking prospects with their draft capital in mind (that’s what I’m doing in the NFL Draft Analytics Top 300) and ranking prospects as if they were all drafted with the same overall pick. For example, projected top-15 pick Daniel Jones and projected Day 2 pick Will Grier basically have the same projection, but if Grier and Jones were both projected to be the 10th overall pick, Grier would be ranked much, much higher than Jones.
Lastly, one improvement I’ve had in modeling for the NFL Draft is to separate positions into different archetypes. Like Josh Norris has noted on the Rotoworld Football Podcast -- subscribe and leave a review -- the weight difference between receivers Marquise Brown and D.K. Metcalf is 62 pounds, so it’d be silly to use the same model for each receiver. For that reason, I’ve split running backs, wide receivers, defensive tackles, and edge rushers into groups using weight or height as the separator. Doing so helped increase the out of sample r-squares for each model.
[[ad:athena]]
NFL Draft Analytics Top 300
Just wanted to remind you that the models include projected draft capital and are adjusted for positional value. That’s why Daniel Jones is ranked highly when he’s absolutely not an analytics quarterback.
Prospect | Position Percentile | Analytics Rank | Position Rank | Proj. Pick |
Kyler Murray | 1.00 | 1 | QB1 | 1 |
Dwayne Haskins | 0.91 | 2 | QB2 | 11 |
Ed Oliver | 0.99 | 3 | DT1 | 5 |
Montez Sweat | 0.96 | 4 | EDGE1 | 16 |
Drew Lock | 0.80 | 5 | QB3 | 15 |
Brian Burns | 0.95 | 6 | EDGE2 | 15 |
Josh Allen | 0.93 | 7 | EDGE3 | 6 |
Will Grier | 0.74 | 8 | QB4 | 60 |
Rashan Gary | 0.93 | 9 | EDGE4 | 16 |
Quinnen Williams | 0.97 | 10 | DT2 | 4 |
Noah Fant | 1.00 | 11 | TE1 | 25 |
Jonah Williams | 0.97 | 12 | OT1 | 13 |
Nick Bosa | 0.91 | 13 | EDGE5 | 2 |
Daniel Jones | 0.61 | 14 | QB5 | 12 |
Ryan Finley | 0.61 | 15 | QB6 | 65 |
Devin White | 0.99 | 16 | LB1 | 5 |
Khalen Saunders | 0.89 | 17 | DT3 | 95 |
Andre Dillard | 0.92 | 18 | OT2 | 15 |
Dexter Lawrence | 0.88 | 19 | DT4 | 26 |
Devin Bush | 0.98 | 20 | LB2 | 12 |
Jeffery Simmons | 0.95 | 21 | DT5 | 25 |
Deandre Baker | 0.97 | 22 | CB1 | 32 |
Cody Ford | 0.89 | 23 | OT3 | 23 |
Jawaan Taylor | 0.88 | 24 | OT4 | 9 |
Joejuan Williams | 0.96 | 25 | CB2 | 70 |
Julian Love | 0.96 | 26 | CB3 | 61 |
Christian Wilkins | 0.83 | 27 | DT6 | 14 |
Kaleb McGary | 0.86 | 28 | OT5 | 40 |
Renell Wren | 0.75 | 29 | DT7 | 80 |
Garrett Bradbury | 0.99 | 30 | IOL1 | 19 |
T.J. Hockenson | 0.93 | 31 | TE2 | 11 |
Clelin Ferrell | 0.69 | 32 | EDGE6 | 18 |
Chase Winovich | 0.67 | 33 | EDGE7 | 55 |
Greedy Williams | 0.93 | 34 | CB4 | 22 |
Chris Lindstrom | 0.99 | 35 | IOL2 | 27 |
Zach Allen | 0.65 | 36 | EDGE8 | 70 |
Ben Banogu | 0.63 | 37 | EDGE9 | 104 |
N’Keal Harry | 0.84 | 38 | WR1 | 34 |
Hakeem Butler | 0.83 | 39 | WR2 | 35 |
Trayvon Mullen | 0.88 | 40 | CB5 | 65 |
Tytus Howard | 0.74 | 41 | OT6 | 76 |
Andy Isabella | 0.88 | 42 | WR3 | 145 |
Blake Cashman | 0.87 | 43 | LB3 | 95 |
Byron Murphy | 0.86 | 44 | CB6 | 28 |
Isaiah Johnson | 0.86 | 45 | CB7 | 67 |
Irv Smith Jr. | 0.87 | 46 | TE3 | 53 |
Dalton Risner | 0.72 | 47 | OT7 | 40 |
Erik McCoy | 0.93 | 48 | IOL3 | 35 |
Chauncey Gardner-Johnson | 0.91 | 49 | S1 | 39 |
A.J. Brown | 0.84 | 50 | WR4 | 34 |
Lonnie Johnson | 0.84 | 51 | CB8 | 38 |
Greg Little | 0.70 | 52 | OT8 | 43 |
Amani Hooker | 0.87 | 53 | S2 | 68 |
Darnell Savage | 0.89 | 54 | S4 | 35 |
Justin Hollins | 0.59 | 55 | EDGE10 | 152 |
D.K. Metcalf | 0.72 | 56 | WR5 | 24 |
Jamel Dean | 0.80 | 57 | CB9 | 86 |
Johnathan Abram | 0.86 | 58 | S3 | 35 |
Marquise Brown | 0.83 | 59 | WR6 | 25 |
L.J. Collier | 0.56 | 60 | EDGE11 | 49 |
Maxx Crosby | 0.56 | 61 | EDGE12 | 92 |
Jace Sternberger | 0.85 | 62 | TE4 | 66 |
Rock Ya-Sin | 0.78 | 63 | CB10 | 32 |
Amani Oruwariye | 0.78 | 64 | CB11 | 75 |
Justin Layne | 0.77 | 65 | CB12 | 45 |
Parris Campbell | 0.77 | 66 | WR7 | 38 |
Jachai Polite | 0.54 | 67 | EDGE13 | 59 |
Ben Burr-Kirven | 0.77 | 68 | LB4 | 172 |
Germaine Pratt | 0.79 | 69 | LB5 | 85 |
Max Scharping | 0.64 | 70 | OT9 | 90 |
Tyree Jackson | 0.35 | 71 | QB8 | 104 |
Yodny Cajuste | 0.62 | 72 | OT10 | 87 |
Connor McGovern | 0.84 | 73 | IOL4 | 90 |
Charles Omenihu | 0.51 | 74 | EDGE14 | 95 |
Emanuel Hall | 0.64 | 75 | WR8 | 103 |
Drue Tranquill | 0.74 | 76 | LB6 | 112 |
Elgton Jenkins | 0.82 | 77 | IOL5 | 44 |
JJ Arcega-Whiteside | 0.63 | 78 | WR9 | 72 |
Mack Wilson | 0.71 | 79 | LB7 | 45 |
Jahlani Tavai | 0.72 | 80 | LB8 | 80 |
Josh Jacobs | 0.88 | 81 | RB1 | 27 |
Dillon Mitchell | 0.73 | 82 | WR10 | 160 |
Bobby Okereke | 0.69 | 83 | LB9 | 129 |
Deionte Thompson | 0.73 | 84 | S6 | 56 |
David Long | 0.63 | 85 | CB13 | 87 |
Jerry Tillery | 0.61 | 86 | DT8 | 28 |
Kelvin Harmon | 0.54 | 87 | WR11 | 69 |
Dawson Knox | 0.75 | 88 | TE5 | 75 |
Nasir Adderley | 0.71 | 89 | S5 | 35 |
Juan Thornhill | 0.71 | 90 | S8 | 45 |
Saivion Smith | 0.57 | 91 | CB14 | 173 |
Anthony Nelson | 0.42 | 92 | EDGE15 | 89 |
John Cominsky | 0.41 | 93 | EDGE16 | 140 |
Dru Samia | 0.56 | 94 | OT11 | 98 |
David Long Jr. | 0.63 | 95 | LB10 | 143 |
Taylor Rapp | 0.67 | 96 | S7 | 49 |
Miles Boykin | 0.50 | 97 | WR12 | 60 |
Kris Boyd | 0.54 | 98 | CB15 | 140 |
Sean Bunting | 0.54 | 99 | CB16 | 53 |
Stanley Morgan | 0.61 | 100 | WR13 | 248 |
Derick Roberson | 0.43 | 101 | EDGE17 | 237 |
Clayton Thorson | 0.28 | 102 | QB7 | 148 |
Jarrett Stidham | 0.27 | 103 | QB9 | 126 |
Dennis Daley | 0.52 | 105 | OT12 | 119 |
Mike Edwards | 0.61 | 106 | S9 | 130 |
Kaden Smith | 0.72 | 107 | TE6 | 139 |
Deebo Samuel | 0.58 | 108 | WR14 | 56 |
Jaylon Ferguson | 0.43 | 109 | EDGE18 | 64 |
Ross Pierschbacher | 0.49 | 110 | OT13 | 144 |
Bobby Evans | 0.48 | 111 | OT14 | 109 |
Mitch Hyatt | 0.47 | 112 | OT15 | 200 |
Damien Harris | 0.74 | 113 | RB2 | 85 |
Michael Jackson | 0.41 | 114 | CB17 | 170 |
Darrell Henderson | 0.82 | 115 | RB3 | 66 |
Vosean Joseph | 0.52 | 116 | LB11 | 111 |
Oshane Ximines | 0.37 | 117 | EDGE19 | 108 |
Ashton Dulin | 0.54 | 118 | WR16 | 254 |
KeeSean Johnson | 0.51 | 119 | WR15 | 200 |
Kendall Sheffield | 0.39 | 120 | CB18 | 132 |
David Edwards | 0.44 | 121 | OT20 | 135 |
Malik Carney | 0.35 | 122 | EDGE20 | 181 |
D’Andre Walker | 0.34 | 123 | EDGE21 | 85 |
Gerald Willis | 0.46 | 124 | DT9 | 109 |
Dre’Mont Jones | 0.43 | 125 | DT10 | 59 |
Mecole Hardman | 0.47 | 126 | WR17 | 101 |
Michael Deiter | 0.61 | 127 | IOL6 | 82 |
Nate Davis | 0.59 | 128 | IOL7 | 96 |
Will Harris | 0.41 | 129 | S10 | 160 |
Montre Hartage | 0.31 | 130 | CB19 | 216 |
Mark Fields | 0.31 | 131 | CB20 | 162 |
Miles Sanders | 0.71 | 132 | RB4 | 50 |
Chuma Edoga | 0.39 | 133 | OT16 | 145 |
Darius Slayton | 0.40 | 134 | WR18 | 152 |
Trysten Hill | 0.39 | 135 | DT11 | 60 |
Marvell Tell | 0.38 | 136 | S11 | 171 |
Davante Davis | 0.28 | 137 | CB21 | UDFA |
Jamal Peters | 0.27 | 138 | CB22 | UDFA |
Derrick Baity | 0.26 | 139 | CB23 | UDFA |
Ugo Amadi | 0.33 | 140 | S12 | 163 |
Daylon Mack | 0.27 | 141 | DT12 | 165 |
Daniel Wise | 0.32 | 142 | DT13 | 128 |
David Montgomery | 0.59 | 143 | RB5 | 82 |
Christian Miller | 0.28 | 144 | EDGE22 | 99 |
Kahale Warring | 0.51 | 145 | TE7 | 101 |
Oli Udoh | 0.36 | 146 | OT17 | 193 |
Cameron Smith | 0.38 | 147 | LB12 | 190 |
Tim Harris | 0.21 | 148 | CB24 | UDFA |
Iman Marshall | 0.21 | 149 | CB25 | 254 |
Jordan Brown | 0.18 | 150 | CB26 | 173 |
Khari Willis | 0.28 | 151 | S13 | 203 |
Sheldrick Redwine | 0.29 | 152 | S14 | 200 |
Ryan Bates | 0.46 | 153 | IOL8 | 209 |
Foster Moreau | 0.47 | 154 | TE8 | 149 |
Josh Oliver | 0.42 | 155 | TE9 | 108 |
Caleb Wilson | 0.41 | 156 | TE10 | 215 |
Justice Hill | 0.55 | 157 | RB6 | 90 |
Marquise Blair | 0.26 | 158 | S15 | 164 |
Zedrick Woods | 0.24 | 159 | S16 | 251 |
Tyler Jones | 0.29 | 160 | OT18 | 190 |
Tyler Roemer | 0.28 | 161 | OT19 | 186 |
Trey Pipkins | 0.26 | 162 | OT21 | 200 |
Corey Ballentine | 0.18 | 163 | CB27 | 143 |
Jalen Hurd | 0.36 | 164 | WR19 | 140 |
Gary Jennings | 0.26 | 165 | WR20 | 168 |
Rodney Anderson | 0.48 | 166 | RB7 | 143 |
Austin Bryant | 0.17 | 167 | EDGE23 | 130 |
Benny Snell | 0.43 | 168 | RB8 | 190 |
Gardner Minshew | 0.19 | 169 | QB10 | 235 |
Keelan Doss | 0.33 | 170 | WR21 | 200 |
Blessuan Austin | 0.15 | 171 | CB28 | UDFA |
Derrek Thomas | 0.14 | 172 | CB29 | 186 |
Kingsley Keke | 0.23 | 173 | DT14 | 150 |
Brett Rypien | 0.18 | 174 | QB11 | 207 |
Olamide Zaccheaus | 0.33 | 175 | WR22 | UDFA |
Travis Fulgham | 0.30 | 176 | WR23 | 183 |
David Sills | 0.28 | 177 | WR24 | 170 |
Alijah Holder | 0.11 | 178 | CB30 | UDFA |
Gary Johnson | 0.29 | 179 | LB13 | 254 |
Sione Takitaki | 0.29 | 180 | LB14 | 220 |
Darius West | 0.20 | 181 | S17 | 247 |
Saquan Hampton | 0.16 | 182 | S18 | 238 |
Anthony Johnson | 0.26 | 183 | WR25 | 173 |
Deion Calhoun | 0.35 | 184 | IOL9 | 221 |
Hjalte Froholdt | 0.34 | 185 | IOL10 | 180 |
Cody Barton | 0.26 | 186 | LB15 | 232 |
Isaac Nauta | 0.31 | 187 | TE11 | 163 |
Lamont Gaillard | 0.32 | 188 | IOL11 | 156 |
Malik Gant | 0.13 | 189 | S19 | 187 |
Isaiah Buggs | 0.20 | 190 | DT15 | 150 |
Jordan Miller | 0.08 | 191 | CB31 | 218 |
Darwin Thompson | 0.38 | 192 | RB9 | 199 |
James Williams | 0.36 | 193 | RB10 | 250 |
DaMarkus Lodge | 0.22 | 194 | WR26 | 175 |
T.J. Edwards | 0.24 | 195 | LB16 | 231 |
Michael Dogbe | 0.19 | 196 | DT16 | 207 |
Alex Barnes | 0.26 | 197 | RB11 | 254 |
Ben Powers | 0.28 | 198 | IOL12 | 166 |
Joe Jackson | 0.04 | 199 | EDGE24 | 150 |
Rashad Fenton | 0.06 | 200 | CB32 | UDFA |
Isaiah Prince | 0.16 | 201 | OT22 | 231 |
Joshua Miles | 0.15 | 202 | OT23 | 214 |
Antoine Wesley | 0.19 | 203 | WR27 | 208 |
Dexter Williams | 0.34 | 204 | RB12 | 161 |
Devin Singletary | 0.33 | 205 | RB13 | 95 |
Emeke Egbule | 0.22 | 206 | LB17 | 185 |
Kaden Elliss | 0.21 | 207 | LB18 | 230 |
Armon Watts | 0.15 | 208 | DT17 | 192 |
Byron Cowart | 0.13 | 209 | DT18 | 227 |
Blace Brown | 0.05 | 210 | CB33 | UDFA |
Kendarius Webster | 0.04 | 211 | CB34 | UDFA |
Sutton Smith | 0.21 | 212 | EDGE25 | 224 |
Shareef Miller | 0.21 | 213 | EDGE26 | 215 |
Jordan Brailford | 0.20 | 214 | EDGE27 | 246 |
Jalen Jelks | 0.19 | 215 | EDGE28 | 148 |
Evan Worthington | 0.09 | 216 | S20 | 185 |
Trayveon Williams | 0.29 | 217 | RB14 | 135 |
Devine Ozigbo | 0.23 | 218 | RB15 | 215 |
Phil Haynes | 0.20 | 219 | IOL13 | 203 |
Beau Benzschawel | 0.19 | 220 | IOL14 | 175 |
Cortez Broughton | 0.11 | 221 | DT19 | 206 |
Bryce Love | 0.26 | 222 | RB16 | 230 |
Ryquell Armstead | 0.21 | 223 | RB17 | 185 |
Alexander Mattison | 0.19 | 224 | RB18 | 229 |
Terrill Hanks | 0.18 | 225 | LB19 | 150 |
Xavier Crawford | 0.04 | 226 | CB35 | UDFA |
Jamal Davis | 0.13 | 227 | EDGE29 | UDFA |
Carl Granderson | 0.13 | 228 | EDGE30 | 191 |
Ty Summers | 0.17 | 229 | LB20 | 236 |
Tre Watson | 0.17 | 230 | LB21 | 253 |
Jaquan Johnson | 0.08 | 231 | S21 | 178 |
Lukas Denis | 0.07 | 232 | S22 | 254 |
Yosh Nijman | 0.11 | 233 | OT24 | UDFA |
Greg Dortch | 0.19 | 234 | WR28 | 254 |
Trevon Wesco | 0.18 | 235 | TE12 | 195 |
Drew Sample | 0.18 | 236 | TE13 | 167 |
Jimmy Moreland | 0.03 | 237 | CB36 | 130 |
Mike Weber | 0.20 | 238 | RB19 | 220 |
Porter Gustin | 0.12 | 239 | EDGE31 | UDFA |
Ryan Connelly | 0.16 | 240 | LB22 | 253 |
Tyrel Dodson | 0.16 | 241 | LB23 | UDFA |
Mike Bell | 0.06 | 242 | S23 | 197 |
Dontavius Russell | 0.05 | 243 | DT20 | 191 |
Chris Slayton | 0.08 | 244 | DT21 | 254 |
Myles Gaskin | 0.15 | 245 | RB20 | 189 |
Qadree Ollison | 0.11 | 246 | RB21 | 250 |
Preston Williams | 0.12 | 247 | WR29 | 247 |
Andrew Wingard | 0.06 | 248 | S24 | UDFA |
Greg Gaines | 0.03 | 249 | DT22 | 250 |
Terry Godwin | 0.14 | 250 | WR30 | 250 |
Elijah Holyfield | 0.10 | 251 | RB22 | 254 |
Mark McLaurin | 0.04 | 252 | S25 | UDFA |
Kevin Givens | 0.05 | 253 | DT23 | UDFA |
Zach Gentry | 0.15 | 254 | TE14 | 254 |
Alizé Mack | 0.14 | 255 | TE15 | 254 |
Diontae Johnson | 0.12 | 256 | WR31 | 148 |
Terry McLaurin | 0.06 | 257 | WR32 | 70 |
Te’Von Coney | 0.11 | 258 | LB24 | 254 |
Terry Beckner | 0.03 | 259 | DT24 | 254 |
Jakobi Meyers | 0.05 | 260 | WR34 | 248 |
Riley Ridley | 0.01 | 261 | WR33 | 82 |
Dax Raymond | 0.10 | 262 | TE16 | 160 |
Karan Higdon | 0.08 | 263 | RB23 | 254 |
Deshaun Davis | 0.09 | 264 | LB25 | 254 |
Andrew Van Ginkel | 0.08 | 265 | LB26 | UDFA |
Dre Greenlaw | 0.08 | 266 | LB27 | 229 |
Donovan Wilson | 0.03 | 267 | S26 | UDFA |
Trevon Tate | 0.08 | 268 | IOL15 | 217 |
Paul Adams | 0.05 | 269 | OT25 | UDFA |
Derwin Gray | 0.05 | 270 | OT26 | 252 |
Joe Giles-Harris | 0.06 | 272 | LB28 | 234 |
Jonathan Ledbetter | 0.03 | 273 | EDGE32 | 217 |
Albert Huggins | 0.01 | 274 | DT25 | 251 |
Devon Johnson | 0.02 | 275 | OT27 | UDFA |
Nate Herbig | 0.06 | 276 | IOL16 | 244 |
Jovon Durante | 0.07 | 277 | WR36 | UDFA |
Felton Davis | 0.03 | 278 | WR37 | UDFA |
Tommy Sweeney | 0.02 | 279 | TE17 | UDFA |
Javon Patterson | 0.05 | 280 | IOL17 | UDFA |
Fred Johnson | 0.04 | 281 | IOL18 | 251 |
D’Cota Dixon | 0.01 | 282 | S27 | UDFA |
Jalin Moore | 0.03 | 283 | RB24 | UDFA |
Kerrith Whyte | 0.02 | 284 | RB25 | UDFA |
Jonathan Crawford | 0.01 | 285 | S28 | UDFA |
Hunter Renfrow | 0.06 | 286 | WR38 | 199 |
Jackson Barton | 0.02 | 287 | OT28 | UDFA |
Jordan Ta’amu | 0.04 | 288 | QB12 | 225 |
Lil’Jordan Humphrey | 0.02 | 289 | WR39 | UDFA |
Mike Jordan | 0.01 | 290 | OT29 | UDFA |
Hamp Cheevers | 0.01 | 291 | CB37 | 254 |
Andrew Beck | 0.02 | 292 | TE18 | 251 |
Ryan Pulley | 0.01 | 293 | CB38 | UDFA |
Kendall Blanton | 0.01 | 294 | TE19 | UDFA |
Alex Bars | 0.03 | 295 | IOL19 | UDFA |
Jeff Allison | 0.03 | 296 | LB29 | UDFA |
John Battle | 0.00 | 297 | S29 | UDFA |
DeMarcus Christmas | 0.00 | 298 | DT26 | UDFA |
Easton Stick | 0.04 | 299 | QB13 | UDFA |
Keenen Brown | 0.00 | 300 | TE20 | UDFA |
Travis Homer | 0.01 | 301 | RB26 | UDFA |
LJ Scott | 0.00 | 302 | RB27 | UDFA |
Ethan Greenidge | 0.02 | 303 | IOL20 | UDFA |
Jordan Jones | 0.03 | 304 | LB30 | UDFA |
Tyre Brady | 0.01 | 305 | WR40 | UDFA |
Jaylen Smith | 0.00 | 306 | WR41 | UDFA |
Darryl Johnson | 0.05 | 307 | EDGE33 | UDFA |
Tre Lamar | 0.02 | 308 | LB31 | UDFA |
Nick Fitzgerald | 0.03 | 309 | QB14 | UDFA |
Wyatt Ray | 0.03 | 310 | EDGE34 | 254 |
Zack Bailey | 0.01 | 311 | IOL21 | UDFA |
Kendall Joseph | 0.01 | 312 | LB32 | UDFA |
Dakota Allen | 0.01 | 313 | LB33 | UDFA |
Martez Ivey | 0.01 | 314 | IOL22 | UDFA |
Bryson Allen-Williams | 0.00 | 315 | LB34 | UDFA |
Nyqwan Murray | 0.02 | 316 | WR42 | UDFA |
Andre James | 0.01 | 317 | OT30 | UDFA |
William Sweet | 0.00 | 318 | OT31 | UDFA |
Jake Browning | 0.02 | 319 | QB15 | UDFA |
Otaro Alaka | 0.00 | 320 | LB35 | UDFA |
Gerri Green | 0.01 | 321 | EDGE35 | UDFA |
Jordan Scarlett | 0.00 | 322 | RB28 | 254 |
Trace McSorley | 0.01 | 323 | QB16 | UDFA |
Penny Hart | 0.01 | 324 | WR43 | 199 |
Iosua Opeta | 0.01 | 325 | IOL23 | UDFA |
Kyle Shurmur | 0.00 | 326 | QB17 | UDFA |
CeCe Jefferson | 0.00 | 327 | EDGE36 | UDFA |
Continue to Page 2 to view the variables in the models and some nuggets I picked up while studying the recent history of the NFL Draft.